The Effectiveness of Kangaroo Care in Neonates in Methodist Dallas Medical Centre Essay Sample free essay sample

Presentation The introduction of a darling has numerous conclusions to the health of the infant since it needs to oblige to another new condition isolates from its mother’s uterus. For case. new conceived angels are confronted with difficulties in pleasing to physiological maps like take a relaxing. digestive tract movement. chest rate and sleep structures ( Anderson. et al 2001 ) . Such difficulties may take to much awkwardness as the child endeavors to balance out. In this obvious radiation. Kangaroo consideration plays an implicit capacity in nursing design especially in the consideration and supporting of pre full grown angels. The build of Kangaroo consideration was created in 1983 by Edgar Rey and Hector and Martinez in Columbia ( World Health Organization. 2003 ) . The motivation behind the consideration is to ensure a covering to climb contact with the parent to uplift the advancement of the untimely darling. Incases where designing is inaccessible kangaroo consideration can be utilized to ensure that untimely darlings get the warmth and physiological advantages from covering to climb relationship with the parent. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Effectiveness of Kangaroo Care in Neonates in Methodist Dallas Medical Center Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In this mode. guardians can use originative low designing to uplift the wellbeing of their pre developed darlings. Orchestrating to the clinical staff in Methodist Dallas clinical Center. Kangaroo consideration spins around puting the darling on the uncovered chest or pot of the female parent or parent with the stipulation of a nappy simply. The darlings head is set in such a way, that it’s ready to breath and falsehood comfortable in the warmth of its parent’s covering. Surveies did show that Kangaroo consideration enables the new conceived darling to adjust to its physiological maps for case outer breath and chest rate ( Penalva A ; Schwartzman. 2006 ) . On the different manus. female guardians can solidify their bond with their darlings furthermore have the option to deliver satisfactory milk for nursing. Be that as it may. different surveies done by researchers show less significant results in the use of Kangaroo consideration. Henceforth. this overview looks to happen fundamentally break down the effectivity of kangaroo consideration in infants in Methodist Dallas clinical Cent er. The Problem Kangaroo consideration is a significant milepost in nursing design in the Methodist Dallas clinical Center since it upgrades consideration of new conceived angels using normal offices. This study finds out that significant exploration is being done on the point for ideal results. For case. guardians are urged to hold a nearby contact and relationship with their infants to uplift child parent holding. On the different manus. Kangaroo consideration underlines more in physical contact between the parent and the child. Blending to explore Kangaroo consideration improves angels to hold more rest. less distress consequently less yelling. upgraded wellbeing subsequently weight expansion and high unsusceptibility ( McCain. Ludington-Hoe. Swinth A ; Hadeed. 2005 ) . Kangaroo consideration can be contended to put spreads in nursing perception in the Methodist Dallas clinical Center. For case. with research and grouped surveies clinical practicians can have the option to identify significant advantages of this difficult develop. On the different manus. female guardians presented to the treatment can go on the use of the treatment at spot to increase the health of their infants. Issue Statements This review learns that old surveies did on Kangaroo treatment spring clashing criticisms. For case. some surveies completed note that Kangaroo consideration does non hold significant result in the health of an infant. On the different manus. different surveies did show that Kangaroo consideration plays an inherent consideration in the wellbeing of infants. Be that as it may. all surveies completed show that Kangaroo consideration does non hold negative conclusions to the prosperity of the parent or the infant. Blending to staff from Methodist Dallas clinical Center. Kangaroo consideration is of import to elevate female parent child relationship attributable to the ‘expulsion’ of the infant from its mother’s uterus to a completely autonomous condition. Henceforth. the work of Kangaroo consideration encourages the smooth rendition of the darling to irreplaceable natural structure maps for case. outer breath. digestive tract movement. chest rate to advert a couple. Writing Review Foundation data Innovative advancements have come about into numerous pregnant female guardians deciding to use hospitals during bringing for ideal clinical joining in. Orchestrating to Methodist Dallas clinical Center. untimely infants are placed in a brooder striping them of affectionate association with their female guardians. On the different manus. research calls attention to that children have employments in sorting out their natural structure maps and this prompts a lot of awkwardness ( Charpak. Ruiz-Pelaz. A ; Figueroa. 2005 ) . The Kangaroo consideration build was created in 1983 by Edgar Rey and Hector and Martinez in Columbia and has since increased significant notoriety. At first the develop was designed as a control step for insufficiency of intensity and establishments to take consideration of untimely angels. Its execution was intended to ensure that darlings profited by characteristic warmth and physiological bond with their female guardians. It is in this obvious radiation. that thi s review recommends that the use of Kangaroo consideration could help babies oblige to their new condition quick and strongly. Kangaroo consideration build has a lot of conceivable in nursing consideration in Methodist Dallas clinical Center since it is utilized to better the improvement of children. Nursing consideration is intended to do life comfortable for infants to increase their turn of events and perseverance. In this mode. clinic stay can be decreased altogether and death rates diminished. It is evaluated that 9 % of darlings conceived rashly plug up expiring because of confusions beginning from respiratory and chest conditions ( Conde-Agudelo. 2003 ) . Henceforth. this study discovers that the utilization of Kangaroo consideration is worked in uplifting the health advancement of children. Kangaroo consideration has in the past been accustomed to deliver and clean comprehension on child consideration through shipping out more surveies on the develop in the Methodist Dallas clinical Center. For case. Kangaroo consideration can let the guardians to gauge the headway of their infants and determine significant involvement with essential child consideration. On the different manus. nursing consideration can be improved with the advancement of writing in Kangaroo consideration. For case. research done demonstrates that darlings presented to Kangaroo consideration expansion more weight contrasted with angels who are non presented to Kangaroo consideration ( Feldman. Eidelman. Sirota. A ; Weller. 2002 ) . Methodist Dallas clinical focus is a bustling establishment portrayed by numerous exercises. In this mode. the work of Kangaroo consideration assists babies with sleeping for longer hours in the establishment rescuing clasp and vitality for the medical clinic staff for ideal productiveness. Upgrading babies sleep is of import for its turn of events and it other than decreased its stay in the clinic and henceforth health consideration cash is utilized strongly ( Dodd. 2005 ) . Thus. Methodist Dallas clinical Center staff discovers that fusses is a significant test to new conceived angels since it prompts a lot of awkwardness to new darlings and every so often denies them from sleep. A typical reason by researchers is that complains is brought about by the insufficiency of an angel to effectively go through starting with one sleep degree then onto the next doing centralization of gas in the stomach ( Engler. A. et Al. 2002 ) . The gradual addition of gas causes a lot of awkwardness in the darling engendering a cluster of yelling which prompts less rest. Examination completed shows that Kangaroo consideration could be utilized to help darlings larn to go through starting with one sleep degree then onto the next cut bringing down the impacts of problem for infants. Methodist Dallas clinical Center finds out that work of the develop is a control step utilized to cover with fuss in the hospital. New conceived angels are confronted with a significant test of temperature mandate and these calls for close observing and going to from medical caretakers and consideration providers. Fitting to Ludington et Al. Kangaroo consideration. compliments the common temperature of the infant ( 2003 ) . For case. on the off chance that the infant’s temperature decrease the female guardians temperature helps the baby’s temperature settle consequently cut bringing down the chances of creating inconveniences. On the different manus. as the female parent gives warmth to her darling. the darling can easily course chest milk furthermore observe higher degrees of watchfulness. Thus vitality and clasp is spared by Dallas clinical Center medical attendants and that implies they can go to other squeezing occasions popular of prompt human services joining in. Thus. this overview discovers that the develop of Kangaroo consideration has a significant bit of leeway of insignificant monetary reasonings to the general public. In this mode. female guardians from any cultural financial class can utilize the develop for nothing out of pocket and assurance that their infants gain customized consideration. Kangaroo consideration is useful for both untimely and developed angels during childbirth subsequently it very well may be utilized on any darling. The donees of this build found out that the general public advantages essentially from Kangaroo consideration since newborn child mortality will be diminished altogether. On the different manus. the build of Kangaroo consideration is other than of import since it would ensure an improved affectionate respect with between the guardians and the children. Reason articulation The purpose of this review is to decide the effectivity of kangaroo consideration in infants in Methodi

Global Warming (Cause and Effects) Free Essays

A dangerous atmospheric devation Since the late nineteenth century Earth’s climate and seas have been getting hotter. As per an exploration by America’s Climate Choices the normal temperature of Earth’s surface expanded by around 0. 8 Â °C in the course of recent years. We will compose a custom article test on A dangerous atmospheric devation (Cause and Effects) or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now There are a great deal of reasons for an unnatural weather change. The causes can be separated into two groups’ normal causes and man-made causes. Regular causes happen without the impact of people. There are two common causes one of them is the earth experiences a pattern of environmental change that keeps going around 40. 00 years. The other reason is arrival of methane gas from some piece of the earth. Man-made causes are the greatest love of an Earth-wide temperature boost. As per National Geographic, there are a few ozone harming substances answerable for warming and people transmit them in an assortment of ways. Contamination is the one of the greatest man-made issues. Contamination happens from numerous points of view. For instance, consuming petroleum products, when non-renewable energy sources are scorched they radiate a sort of ozone harming substance. Another significant man-made reason is populace. More individuals mean more food. What's more, to give more food, non-renewable energy sources are utilized all the more frequently. What's more, more individuals mean more transportation. This is one of the most concerning issue expanding utilization of non-renewable energy source. An Earth-wide temperature boost effectsly affects condition. There are a ton of impacts for instance: - Ice is liquefying around the world. - Sea level ascent turned out to be quicker in the course of the only remaining century. As indicated by the NASA impacts that researchers had anticipated in the past would result from worldwide environmental change are presently happening for instance: loss of ocean ice, quickened ocean level ascent and more, progressively serious warmth waves. Furthermore, if warming consistent, different impacts could occur, for example: - Hurricanes and different tempests are probably going to get more grounded. - Ecosystems will change, a few species will get wiped out. - Less new water will be accessible. - Floods and dry spells will turn out to be increasingly normal. In this way, we can add to this worldwide reason with individual activities. Our individual endeavors are particularly critical. We can help promptly by turning out to be more vitality productive. Diminishing our utilization of oil, fuel and coal additionally sets a model for others to follow. Step by step instructions to refer to Global Warming (Cause and Effects), Papers An Earth-wide temperature boost (Cause and Effects) Free Essays An Earth-wide temperature boost Since the late nineteenth century Earth’s climate and seas have been getting hotter. As per an examination by America’s Climate Choices the normal temperature of Earth’s surface expanded by around 0. 8 Â °C in the course of recent years. We will compose a custom exposition test on A worldwide temperature alteration (Cause and Effects) or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now There are a ton of reasons for an unnatural weather change. The causes can be separated into two groups’ common causes and man-made causes. Normal causes happen without the impact of people. There are two common causes one of them is the earth experiences a pattern of environmental change that endures around 40. 00 years. The other reason is arrival of methane gas from some piece of the earth. Man-made causes are the greatest warmth of an Earth-wide temperature boost. As indicated by National Geographic, there are a few ozone depleting substances answerable for warming and people emanate them in an assortment of ways. Contamination is the one of the greatest man-made issues. Contamination happens from numerous points of view. For instance, consuming non-renewable energy sources, when non-renewable energy sources are singed they radiate a sort of ozone harming substance. Another significant man-made reason is populace. More individuals mean more food. What's more, to give more food, petroleum derivatives are utilized all the more frequently. Furthermore, more individuals mean more transportation. This is one of the most serious issue expanding utilization of non-renewable energy source. An unnatural weather change effectsly affects condition. There are a great deal of impacts for instance: - Ice is liquefying around the world. - Sea level ascent turned out to be quicker in the course of the only remaining century. As indicated by the NASA impacts that researchers had anticipated in the past would result from worldwide environmental change are currently happening for instance: loss of ocean ice, quickened ocean level ascent and more, increasingly serious warmth waves. What's more, if warming constant, different impacts could occur, for example: - Hurricanes and different tempests are probably going to get more grounded. - Ecosystems will change, a few species will get wiped out. - Less new water will be accessible. - Floods and dry spells will turn out to be progressively normal. Along these lines, we can add to this worldwide reason with individual activities. Our individual endeavors are particularly critical. We can help promptly by turning out to be more vitality effective. Lessening our utilization of oil, fuel and coal likewise sets a model for others to follow. Step by step instructions to refer to Global Warming (Cause and Effects), Essay models

Why The Apple Design Is So Successful

Why The Apple Design Is So Successful If you ask analysts, they would have varying opinions on what to credit for Apple’s success. Some say it’s because of the company having established a pretty much unshakable brand status, and commanding loyalty from its customers. Others say it’s mostly down to its premium pricing. Some even go so far as to give all the credit to its founder, the late Steve Jobs. Others are more specific, citing Apple’s ability to come up with clean, dependable and quality products. However, if we are to be more precise about it, this would mean that the success of Apple is also hinged heavily on product design. © Shutterstock.com | blackzheepIn this article, we will discuss the Apple design principles.APPLE AND DESIGNApple counts “design” as a foundation principle â€" the starting point of the entire product development process. It all started with the vision of Steve Jobs, when he founded a company that will make computers. He was not about to settle for just any design; it had to be better than good. In fact, the design had to be “great”.A CNN story had the world’s best designers picking the 12 best designs in the last century (in celebration of World Industrial Design Day 2015) and two of them were by Apple. The first was the Apple Mac (1984), which “seamlessly combined outstanding software and hardware into an experience”. The second was the first ever iPod, which redefined and revolutionized what they world knew of an mp3 player. No doubt, many would insist that other Apple products deserve to be on the list, such as the iPhone and the iPad. And who could blame them for thinking so? After all, Apple has almost become synonymous with innovative design.Some of the most notable and bestselling products that have come out in recent decades are from Apple, and the main reason why they were such a huge hit? Their design.Apple II: This is basically the Apple product that started it all. Sure, there was Apple I before it, but the Apple II stepped it up by becoming a personal computer with an expandable memory, color video graphics, point graphics, memory graphics, and gaming paddles. By adding expandability features to it, it gave users more control and customization power over it. Color graphics in the Apple II easily set it apart from other companies making computing devices. One of the key design points of the Apple II is its sound circuitry, which features a toggle circuit that emits a click through a line-out jack or a built-in speaker. Another is its internal video display generator.Mac: For most of the computing world, the Macintosh â€" or the Mac â €" was what started it all. The graphical user interface used in the Mac, as well as its monitor, keyboard and mouse, made it a worthy personal computing successor to the Apple II. This is also one of the reasons why it was such a big hit, particularly among graphic designers. Soon, everyone wanted that “beige personal computer” for themselves. Of course, this was followed by many recreations of the Mac, but there is no denying that the first one made the most impact, if only for starting a new trend and opening new doors for the business computing world.iMac series: With the iMac, Apple did away with the tower that has long been associated with the Mac. This resulted to a more compact and space-efficient computing experience, without compromising its computing power. This series of computers provided users with an all-in-one personal computer, with built-in stereo speakers and dual headphone jacks. It is also credited for being the first to have USB ports. Soon, the iMac was re leased in several fun and flavorful colors, to cater to those looking for more character. The later versions of the iMac also become considerably smaller and slimmer.iTunes: Considered to be one of the best and most innovative software to come out in the recent half a century â€" and from Apple â€" iTunes changed the way people listened to, stored, and shared music.iPod series of products: This pretty much gave a much-needed facelift to the quintessential mp3 player. It can store hundreds to thousands of songs and was later on tweaked to become an all-encompassing multimedia player where music, videos, and apps can run. The best part of the design? The ease of use that it provides users. It all started with a touch-sensitive wheel, and evolved into a touch-sensitive LCD screen in the iPod Touch.iPhone: Smartphones were never the same again when Apple launched the iPhone, which was initially dubbed as the “Jesus Phone”. It would then go on to spawn a line of products, with the iP hone 5s taking a major leap forward by becoming the smartphone that can replace a personal computer with its functionalities and features. One of the things users liked about it is how it was designed to have access to a wide range of cheap, and even free, applications. Of course, today, that may be up for some debate, but there is no denying that when it comes to smartphones, iPhone is one of the best.iPad Air 2: Once again, Apple took the world by storm when it introduced its tablet line, the iPad. However, one of the best releases of this series is the iPad Air 2, since it was designed as the thinnest iPad so far, at only 6.1 mm.Apple Watch: Smartwatches became hugely popular in the past several years, and Apple got in on the game by producing the Apple Watch, its more recent release. It acts more as a health and fitness monitor, which is ideal for users with an active lifestyle or those that are looking for a sleek, stylish yet simple and functional health monitor.What are the e xact reasons for the success of the Apple design, and why are many of its competitors are trying â€" but most of them failing â€" to emulate it?WHY APPLE DESIGN IS SUCCESSFULGroundbreaking. Pioneering. Enduring. All these words apply to the Apple design. One cannot discuss the success of Apple â€" the company â€" as a whole without touching on its design philosophies and sensibilities. They would not have been able to have established a cult following, especially among artists and designers, if they are not able to show something solid and, dare we say, earth-shattering, in the field of design.1. Systematic Product Development ProcessApple follows a process for product development that can only be described as logical and systematic. There is an order to everything, and that principle also applies on how it comes up with products. Considering how many of Apple’s products have become icons and are still commanding great patronage (and sales) to this day, it is obvious that this sys tem works.Design is done during pre-production.Apple is particular about the design phase being during the pre-production, and not post-production. All the design details are formulated and ironed out even before it is placed into production, so it is clear that they have a clear vision on how they want the product to turn out.This simply means that there is no trial-and-error going on here. While other manufacturers seem to perform design functions throughout the product development process, Apple strictly does everything at the beginning. This is to avoid confusions and veering away from the original vision of the product.Apple designers are designing for themselves.When Steve Jobs started creating products, he put himself in the shoes of the customer. He was the “user” of the Apple product that they will be creating. This is a slight shift from the usual practice of engineers and designers creating products for someone else. They are designing something that they will actuall y want to use, and will use, once it has been produced.In the same way, engineers have made a habit of designing products around a certain technology that is available to them. In short, they are designing for a technology, not for the user. At Apple, they are designing a product, not because they can, but because they actually want that product and cannot live without it.2. Substance over FormConsumers are easily convinced to buy something that they deem to be pretty or beautiful. Style and appearance are, after all, the first things that register to the naked eye. Thus, it is the one that first gets a response. That is part of human nature. However, consumers are also becoming smarter, preferring to look beneath the surface. That is what turns buyers into loyal customers.According to Steve Jobs, “design is how it works, not how it looks”. He was particular about how the final product would look, physically, but, more than that, the main point of contention is its functionality . Does it work? Does it deliver exactly what the user is looking for? Does it perform as it is expected to?One of the pitfalls of new companies coming up with new products is wanting to come up with one that looks great, without really seeing if it works. On paper, it looks like the next best thing to come out in recent years, and the marketing even promises that it is so. However, it ends up falling short of expectations.The focus of Apple design is the full integration of software and hardware, without claiming that it can do everything (and is good at it). It recognizes its shortcomings and instead focuses on what it is very good at.For example, the iPad does not have USB connectors or external disc drives. Other laptops and notebooks do. The design team over at Apple may not have included these two features in the iPad, but it did make sure that the device performs a specific set of tasks very well, while remaining very user-friendly and intuitive.3. Quality above allAsk Apple u sers why they stick to Apple products despite the fact that there are a lot of other, newer, and certainly cheaper alternatives out there, and they will give you a lot of reasons, most of which are centered on design.A Simple Aesthetic As mentioned repeatedly in many discussions and analyses on the Apple design, one of its defining characteristics is simplicity. More than being flashy or eye-catching, Apple designed its products to look clean, simple and straightforward.Visual simplicity is being practiced by Apple, and this is apparent in the design of its iPhones and iPads. They look clean, the interfaces are free from clutter, and the fonts are elegant and clean as well.When Apple designs a good-looking product, you can tell that it really is good-looking. Other brands and manufacturers shamelessly copy the design features of Apple products, and they are rarely able to do it right. This is partly a credit to how Steve Jobs instilled within the Apple industrial team an attitude of perfectionism.Apple creates designs that instill “pride and ownership”. Apple products are instantly recognizable at first glance, and they have now become status symbols of sort. This is another proof of how iconic Apple’s simple designs are.Great Attention to DetailPart of the reason why it takes a considerably long time for the design teams at Apple to come up with new products is how they pay a lot of attention to every detail of the design. In fact, many long-time Apple users even get surprised once they realize that even the tiniest details in the Apple product they are using is meant to accomplish something.For example, in the more recent versions of the Mac laptop, the internal fan speed has been programmed to automatically slow down once the voice dictation feature has been engaged. This is so that it can hear your voice better and more clearly. For sure, this is information that is unknown by many Mac laptop users, but that is just one of the many proofs of how the creative people over at Apple are detailed about the design of their products.Intuitiveness and user-friendlinessWhen it comes to understandability and ease of use, Apple successfully integrated these into its products. Apple is heavily credited for introducing the graphical user interface, where users can pretty much do everything in one place, and monitor or track their progress via that interface.Apple created products that are easy to understand, so that new users rarely, if ever, consult user manuals or guides. Operations were made to be discoverable via menus, and everything can be recovered, in case users committed an error during operation and want to reverse them to an earlier time. In short, users were accorded control and power over the operations of the devices or products.Granted, lately, there are many criticisms that Apple products are becoming increasingly difficult to understand, learn and operate. However, compared to its peers, Apple remains to be a company that p uts great premium on ease of use when designing its products.4. Apple designs for the futureApple is a pioneer when it comes to design. It is known that the design team of Apple starts working on a new design two years early. That is quite a head start, considering how the competition is just catching up. So Apple introduces a new, cutting-edge design, competitors try to copy it, but by the time they are able to, Apple is already hard at work â€" and even more than halfway though â€" another breakthrough design.Consumers would naturally want something that is advanced, which is why they would prefer to stick with Apple products instead of the more “outdated” ones.5. Design is a continuous processYou will notice that Apple does not really invent new products frequently. Apple focuses more on reinventions or recreations, looking for the weak points of an already existing design and rectifying that, making it better.The mp3 player has already existed when Apple created the iPod; it just came up with a better version of an mp3 player. Tablets have already been in existence when Apple came out with its own version, the iPad. Similarly, the smartphone is not an Apple creation. It’s just that Apple successfully revolutionized the concept of a smartphone when it launched its iPhone.This only goes to show that the design team of Apple is working tirelessly to come up with a design that will make things better and easier for users. Certainly, this level of commitment is part of the reason why the company commands such fervor loyalty from Apple users.Much of the credit for the Apple design goes to the Apple Industrial Design Group, the company’s industrial design arm. If you are wondering who thinks up all those details about the appearance and the overall look and feel of Apple products, they are the ones responsible for it. They are also the team in charge with the design of Apple products’ user interfaces, packaging and even major architectural projects. The y are basically in charge of anything involving designing. Their efforts and ingenuity have been repeatedly recognized and, in 2012, they were even named as the Best Design Studio in the past 50 years by DAD, a global association of creative, design and advertising communities.It was originally formed by Steve Jobs but is now currently headed by Chief Design Officer Jonathan Ive, who has done so since 1996. It is reportedly a small group, with the core team composed of only around 20 designers. No doubt, at this very minute, these creative geniuses are hard at work, conceptualizing and designing the next Apple product to hit the stores in the near future.

The Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting At The Shepherd Of The...

The Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, otherwise simply known as the â€Å"Golden Key Group AA meeting,† that I attended was held on Saturday, November 8th, in Whittier, California, at the Shepherd of the Hills Lutheran church. To be more exact, it was held in a classroom located at the back of the church property, far from the twinkling, multicolored lights of the chapel in the front. The classroom was overfilled, with many people standing outside, leaning their heads in to listen. Chairs were offered to women and those who were ill, and one woman cradled her infant daughter, walking back and forth down the external hall. The huddled masses of people were squeezed together in a room with dim fluorescent lighting, with a great deal of them clutching onto Starbucks cups and thumbing their key chains, anxious to leave. The smell of cheap perfume and cologne wafted into the air, covering the unmistakable hints of vodka, beer, tequila. The mood was overwhelmingly reverent, and I couldn’t decide if it was more out of fear or genuine respect. Greetings were exchanged between regulars, cigarettes were smoked and crushed and smoked again, and a small box of cookies remained on the table, unopened. No one wanted cookies. Everyone wanted a drink. To put it frankly, the scene was depressing, and on more than a few levels. For me, it was the fact that I’d attended AA meetings in my youth with my father, who was an alcoholic. The overwhelming emptiness of the scene reminded me of those times,

American Culture And Business Culture - 1719 Words

Introduction This report consists of the issues on whether it can or cannot be argued that culture shapes the way business is done in a country. The country that is focused in this report is America. It also discusses on the major distinguishing features of American culture and business culture in comparison to current Australian culture. The impact that culture has on business performance is also taken into consideration and how this affects the performance of the staff members and their work. In addition, this report also includes concepts where Australia as a country could maybe adopt ways of American business culture or develop on the existing culture. The purpose of this report is to develop a fair understanding on various cultures†¦show more content†¦Exactly as Cultures far and wide have affected American society, today American society impacts the world. As the third largest nation on the planet with a population of more than 315 Million, the United States is the most socially va ried nation on the planet. Australian society then again is altogether different to that of American society. For example, Australians are not as devoted as Americans. A portion of the patriotism could be ascribed to the noteworthy exhibit of American accomplishments that incorporates landing on the moon, taking a heading part in stopping Nazi Germany, designing the web and winning 30% of Nobel prizes. Then again, in Australia patriotism is been considered as a negative idea in a few viewpoints. However, Australians demonstrate their appreciation by directing ANZAC days for officers and many others. A standout amongst the most vital distinction that I have generally perceived is the society contrast in Universities. Australian colleges are more subject to government for examination subsidizing, which has delivered as learned society characterized by promotion as opposed to interest. Additionally, of course, few individuals inside the colleges see any issues with Australia s intelligent surroundings as helping the poor rankings. For example, when clarifying Australia s low positioning in 2014, University of Melbourne vice-chancellor Glyn Davis credited them to the cuts on government financing. The

Res 351 Free Essays

Preparing to Conduct Business Research: Part 3 RES/351 February 20, 2012 Age discrimination is existent. Older employees are defined as members of the â€Å"mature† generation (58 or more years old); younger employees are members of three generations—the Baby Boom (post World War II or 38 – 57 year olds), Generation X (23 – 37 year olds), and Generation Y (18 – 22 year olds). The key to a company’s future success will be its adaptability – its capacity to deploy resources quickly to seize competitive opportunities and to draw from a labor pool that features a mix of multi-skilled, full-time workers, and specifically-skilled, contingent employees who contribute on a part-time or temporary basis† (Hall and Mirvis, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Res 351 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research is conducted when individuals or businesses want to find out the connection, if any, between two or more things. This paper will discuss, â€Å"Will hiring younger employees to take the place of older employees increase the productivity of a business? We will be discussing the different aspects of finding a solution to this very question. We are going to focus on four areas within our research. They will be broken down by significance, scope, magnitude, and feasibility of finding a solution to our question. We will discuss how using these different aspects of our research will help us determine the purpose of conducting our research. Working in businesses in which you have to make life changing decisions can be stressful. Factors to consider with this topic are age, experience, knowledge, and productivity. The final solution will impact current employees and potential new hires; therefore, businesses need to be fair in the decision(s) being made and make sure it is in the best interest of all parties involved. Businesses must examine every aspect of a situation to avoid discrimination lawsuits, loss of business, or an increase in employee turnover. Overall, happy employees will produce an efficient workflow and exhibit a more positive attitude toward the company as well. â€Å"The two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained† (Wikipedia. com). Many solutions can be prepared for various situations within a business environment. However, each solution needs to be logical and suitable for the situation. Businesses should test possible solutions to see which one will be the most beneficial by using feasibility studies. â€Å"Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success† (Wikipedia. om). The magnitude of finding a solution to the issue of whether or not hiring younger employees will increase productivity is very high. The business needs to continue to make a profit in this economy and if hiring young people is the solution, it is imperative that we make sure the solution is found. This task should not be difficult, however, as long as the decision making process is followed. We created resear ch questions, a hypothesis, decided on what the variables are, and considered the ethical complications. Following legal guidelines and the process of finding the solution will help us get to the right answer. The magnitude of finding the right answer is enormous since our business depends on it. Older workers are often liable to encounter difficulties in employment and occupation because of prejudices about their capacities and willingness to learn, a tendency to discount their experiences, and market pressures to hire younger workers who are often cheaper to employ. To increase productivity and eliminate discrimination when it comes to younger employees versus older employees, the following measures could be taken to have a more productive workplace: (1) Set up a policy establishing clear procedures on non-discrimination and equal opportunities; and communicate it amongst all employees, (2) Provide training at all levels of the organization, in particular for those involved in recruitment and selection, as well as supervisors and managers, to help raise awareness and encourage people to take action against discrimination, (3) Set measurable goals and specific time frames to achieve objectives, (4) Modify work organization and distribution of tasks as necessary to avoid negative effects on the treatment and advancement of particular groups of workers, and (5) Address complaints, handle appeals and provide recourse to employees in cases where discrimination is identified. To determine whether hiring younger versus older employees increase productivity in the workplace, there are a few questions that need to be researched in order to analyze the situation. (1) If we hire younger employees, will this be an open opportunity for a lawsuit for age discrimination? (2) Will productivity increase, decrease, or stay the same with younger employees? (3) Will it be cost effective to hire younger people who may be entitled to more compensation? The employer who would decide to replace older workers with younger workers to increase productivity, with the thought younger people are more energetic, therefore could work faster than older people. The younger employees may be easier to train and retain information better than older employees. They may also look at the younger employees as being more comfortable with new and advanced technology. There are four variables to consider when it comes to making a decision about hiring the younger versus older employee. The variables are the independent variable, dependant variable, confounding variable, and the intervening variable. The independent variable is hiring younger employees to replace older employees. The dependent variable is the increase in productivity. The confounding variable is younger employees have fresh ideas. Lastly, the intervening variable is training the new employees. The research design that best suites how the information was researched was the Quasi-Experimental research. With using this particular research for our topic, the quasi-experiment treats a given situation as an experiment, even though it is not wholly by design. The independent variable may not be manipulated by the researcher, treatment and control groups may not be randomized or matched, or there may be no control group. The researcher is limited in what he or she can say conclusively. The significant element of quasi-experiments is the measure of the dependent variable, which it allows for comparison. Some data is quite straightforward, but other measures, such as level of self-confidence in writing ability, increase in creativity or in reading comprehension are obviously subjective. In such cases, uasi-experimentation often involves a number of strategies to compare subjectivity, such as rating data, testing, surveying, and content analysis (Colorado State University. edu). One type of instrument that would be very useful in our research would be interviews. Interviews are a systematic way of communicating through talking and listening. â€Å"Through the knowledge of conversation â€Å"(KMExecutive, 2010), data can be collected on what new younger employees can bring to the organization, and how they feel they would better benefit the company over an experienced older employee. Within the interview, the interviewer and interviewee are able to become involved with talking about their views, and their perception and interpretation of the situation. With the use of interviews in the survey method, we can initially get some very valuable information necessary for finding the key to hiring new younger employees within the company to help boost productivity, without causing any legal issues or moral falls with the older employees. In the interview section of the survey, we will be able to find out from the new potential employees what they want to bring to the table to boost our needs. Also, by doing one-on-one interviews with the older employees, we will be able to find out what areas have become complacent and what areas do not need to be touched. This will allow for us to find out if we need to hire new employees, for which section(s), and which ones we are able to leave alone. This will definitely eliminate the unnecessary desire for older employees of these areas to retaliate against the company. Another instrument type we could use would be experiments. It would definitely benefit the organization to see if the new younger employees were able to provide the company with more production, especially if there is training involved. We would take the experimental variable (the younger verses the older) and put them to work side by side to see which one is more productive. This will give us an idea if we need to train more, or reconsider hiring new and getting rid of the old. By developing the constants, the researchers can evaluate the effect of the changes to the production quality and quantity. We would be able to test the effectiveness, appeal, and sales of various products that the organization is planning on developing or selling. WE can divide the population into two groups, the younger group and the older group. In order to help solve the issue of whether or not hiring younger employees will increase the productivity in the workplace, we must take some samples. Samples help to determine which decision is the best. The type of sampling that will best suit this issue is probability, or random sampling. This will avoid any bias on the company’s part. This ensures that the participants will be random and of all ages. Survey questionnaires will be used as a sampling frame within a 30 day period. Each person randomly selected will have to complete the survey questionnaire which will contain all of the information needed to make an informed decision. The sampling size will be determined by the amount of employees of the organization. While we cannot sample everyone we do want to give the issue a fair sampling size. We will want to sample the majority of them, around 75%. Therefore, if there are 20 employees, 15 will be sampled by using the survey questionnaire. â€Å"A statistical test provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or processes. The intent is to determine whether there is enough evidence to â€Å"reject† a conjecture or hypothesis about the process; the conjecture is called the null hypothesis† (itl. nist. gov). â€Å"A set of data can only reject a null hypothesis or fail to reject it. For example, if comparison of two groups (e. g. : treatment, no treatment) reveals no statistically significant difference between the two, it does not mean that there is no difference in reality. It only means that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis (in other words, the experiment fails to reject the null hypothesis)† (wikipedia. com). Based the types of instruments used such as experiments and interviews, to collect data pertaining to our topic of choice, the best statistical test to use would be the t-test. â€Å"The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other (socialresearchmethods. net). With our topic comparing the productivity among older employees versus younger employees, we can better determine if age does or does not play a significant factor in current or future workflow processes and the implementation of new creative ideas. The results will be displayed as â€Å"the actual difference between two means in relation to the variation in the data (expressed as the standard deviation of the difference between the means)† (biology. ed. ac. uk). In this case, the two means are the older employees and younger employees; the variation in the data would be the productivity of the workflow, whether it would increase, decrease, or remain the same. Everyone who wants to work should be able to and no one deserves to be judged by their age or any other factor that does not relate to their productivity (nytimes. com/2009). Considerations that should be taken into account  when it  involves hiring a younger versus older employee are discrimination and stereotyping. The repercussions of age-based communication and productivity can be devastating to older employees; this could lead to a decline in their self esteem and mental well-being. Discriminating against older employees could also lead to lawsuits; which eventually has a bad look on the employers. The steps in performing any type of research is crucial for finding the right answer to any situation that may arise. With the issue of determining whether or not hiring younger employees to increase productivity, there is no answer. The quality of work and range of experience of one individual versus the next can make or break the moral of the employees in the workplace (Stanford). Therefore, changes in the workplace can be beneficial to the business as long as the basis does not conflict with business ethics. The significance of finding a solution is going to help eliminate the chances of having a lawsuit because of age discrimination. It will allow us to continue to grow as a business instead of losing business, and will help in decreasing employee turnover. Part of the significance is to create a happy work environment with a more productive workflow. The Scope of finding a solution is the investigation into what will happen and the plan of action to make it happen. Within the scope we can determine what the negatives and positives will come of the solution. Magnitude will allow the company to continue to grow by increasing the productivity, and if this can be done with younger employees, then we need to make the changes the right way to incorporate this for our organization. This will possibly be a significant change, so we need to be prepared to make adjustments so we do not lose any productivity in the process of making the change. The last part of our discussion takes us into the feasibility of finding the correct solutions to our issue. Here we discussed five ways to make this happen, such as create a policy for this type of situation, provide training for all levels to discourage discrimination, set goals to achieve objectives, make modifications to avoid negative effects of each group being changed, and address any complaints of discrimination that may have been founded earlier. Understanding our research process will help us determine the correct way to make the needed changes within the organization without the possibility of having severe repercussions. As an organization, it is important to do the needed research that will be certain to create more jobs in the future, and possibly prevent any lawsuits or discrimination acts in the process. References Hall, Douglas T. and Philip H. Mirvis (1998). â€Å"Increasing the value of older workers: Flexible employment and lifelong learning. † In James A. Auerbach (ed. ), Through a Glass Darkly: Building the New Workplace for the 21st Century. NPA Report #289. Washington D. C. : National Policy Association. Retrieved from: http://www. zurichna. com/NR/rdonlyres/AEFC0FF5-EE0B-4765-B5D4-F640D99E1412/0/Designingtheworkplacefortheagingworkforce. pdf Retrieved from: http://www. ilo. org/empent/areas/business-helpdesk/faqs/WCMS_DOC_ENT_HLP_BDE_FAQ_EN/lang–en/index. html Retrieved from: http://writing. colostate. edu/guides/research/experiment/pop3e. cfm Retrieved from: http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/quasnegd. php Retrieved from: http://www. experiment-resources. com/randomization. html#ixzz1m8h0k9Zh Retrieved from: http://ibpsychology. wetpaint. com/page/Non-experimental+Research+Methods Schindler, D. C. (20011). Business Research Methods (11th ed. ). In a. P. D Cooper. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Trochim, W. M. (2006, October 20). Introduction to Evalution. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from Research Methods Knowledge Base: http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/intreval. php Trochim, W. M. (2006, October 20). Types of Surveys. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from Research Methods Knowledge Base: http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/survtype. php Survey. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/survey KMExecutive. (2010). The Knowledge Management Executive. Retrieved from http://kmexecutive. logspot. com/2010/03/gathering-company-knowledge. html 7. 1. 3. What are statistical tests? (2003 – 2010). Retrieved from http://www. itl. nist. gov/div898/handbook/prc/section1/prc13. htm The T-Test. (2006). Retrieved from http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/stat_t. php Null hypothesis. (2012). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Null_hypothesis Student’s t-test. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. biology. ed. ac. uk/research/groups/jdeacon/statistics/tress4a. html Learning Team Log Group: Team ASubmission Date: 2/20/12 Course: RES 351 Meeting Type: In-Person E-mail Internet Chat Teleconference XOther Team Forum Student Name (printed) |X = Participated |  x | | |  x | |  x |  x | |Learning Objectives and Assigned Tasks |Activities and Outcomes | | |Combine the three parts of the Preparing to Conduct Business | | |Research assignment to develop a cohesive research proposal of no more than 2,450 words. | |Include the following elements: | | |Research problem and purpose | | |Significance, scope, magnitude, and feasibility of finding a solution to the issue, opportunity, or problem | | |Research question, hypothesis, and variables | | |Research design | |Instrument you developed or selected | | |Sampling method | | |Overall data analysis approach | | |Result reportin g | | |Ethical considerations | | |   | | |Discuss the overall data analysis approach and result reporting: | | |Which statistical test will be used and why? | | |How will the results be displayed? | |Using the T-test | | |Actual difference between two means | | |   | | |Completing the team log | | |Develop or select the instruments your team will use to collect data. | | |Interview instrument. | | |Talking and listening | | |Different views on situations | | |Experiment instrument. | |Working side by side | | |Comparing productivity between young and old employees | |   |Describe how you will sample the population: | | |What is the appropriate sampling method? | | |What sampling frame will be used? | | |What is the appropriate sampling size? | | |How will the sample size be determined? | | | | |Probability and random sampling | | |Using survey questionnaires | | |All age groups | | |30 days for sampling | | |75% of the employees | | |   | Students’ Responsibility: Participation in Learning Team activities is an important factor in determining each student’s final course grade. Team members should work together to complete this form and submit it at the workshop following the team meeting. The log should provide details regarding the meeting, the attendance/participation of members, the results and actions of the team, and reflections regarding how the team process might be improved. Plus/Delta Exercise: What went well? What didn’t go well? What will we do differently next time? Everyone in our group works hard in participating within the week. The only problem we run into is if there is a situation that prohibits a person from completing their assigned tasks on time, but for this group, it hasn’t hurt us because we keep in constant communication about those issues, and we work around them. For this group, there isn’t anything that we can do different, we keep everyone informed throughout the week of what is going on, when we need help someone always steps up to provide assistance, and the tasks are laid out so that it is very clear as to what each participant has to accomplish and when it needs to be in. Overall this group has been great, and has taken every opportunity to progress in a great team effort. How to cite Res 351, Essay examples

Benefits of Social Networks Use in Business-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the the benefits and drawbacks of Social Networks use in Business. Answer: Introduction Social networks are a system of social connections and individual relations. It is the process of increasing business connections by building new networks through social media websites. Various organisations use social networks for business transactions, to increase the speed and security of the communications. There are numerous gigantic brands such as Pepsi, Adidas, and Dominos, who have used social networks to their advantages and get success. The small and medium enterprises are still sceptical regarding the use of social media. Social media has several disadvantages along with the benefits. The risks of social networking include cyber bullying, online harassment, and cyber crimes. The report will discuss regarding benefits and drawbacks of using social networking in a corporation. Project Objective The objective of this report is to ascertain the benefits and drawbacks of social networks use in businesses. In modern times, various giant companies use social networks to increase the efficiency and security of their communications. The social networks are the significantly great place to market their products. The social network provides a significantly larger audience to appeal their products. The usage of social networks has various disadvantages as well. Project Scope The report will discuss regarding the advantages and disadvantages of adopting a social network system in the organisation. Further, the report will analyse the perspective of various companies in order to ascertain the benefits and drawbacks of using the social network in the organisation. The project will discuss the theories of various market experts to ascertain the rewards and shortcomings of using social networks. Literature review Social networks are an internet based platform to help people communicate with their friends, family, colleagues, and customers. Various organisation uses social networks in order to communicate with their employees. There are several other uses of social media, such as getting customers feedback, product marketing, market research and worldwide reach. Role of Social Networking The use of Social networks in organisations has been increased rapidly in past decade. The companies could use social networks in collecting data from customers, brand marketing, creating new contacts and communicating in the workplace. Social media help companies connecting with their customers. The organisation could get direct feedback from their customers regarding their products or services. The use of social networks is cheaper than using another medium of communication. The companies can approach a wide range of audience with the use of social media (Cheung Lee 2010). According to Holly Paquette, a professor at the University of Rhode Island, many corporations use social networks in marketing their businesses. The cost of advertising on social media is significantly cheaper than comparing to other mediums of advertisings, such as television, radios or billboards. By advertising to a larger audience, an organisation could significantly increase their sales. Social networks increase the companys engagement with their customers. The customers can give their queries or provide their feedback, directly to the corporation. Social networks help corporation in enhancing their business outside their domestic country. The company can market their products or services easily in the foreign markets, with the help of social networks. The organisation could increase their foreign contacts with the use of social media. The corporations could conduct market research with the social networks to recognise their brand's reputation in the market or the requirements of their customers. Following are some ways in which an organisation can use the social network in business (Aral, Dellarocas Godes 2013): Increase the efficiency of targeting customers Expansion of customers Instantaneous feedback from consumers Cost efficient Help in creating better customer relationship Building brand awareness and increase the exposure of company Benefits of Social Networks In modern time, a company can benefit heavily from adopting a social network strategy for their organisation. For sustaining grow of an enterprise in the future, implementing social network policy in business is essential. The advantages of adopting a social network policy include cost reduction, expansion of companys audience, better marketing exposure, faster growth, quality communication and instant feedback (Woodcock, Green Starkey 2011). Marketing According to the research conducted by Brennan (2014), Social media is an essential part of every company marketing policy. More than 90 percent of market experts have claimed that social media expands the exposure of an organisation. The use of social network strategy significantly reduced the time and resources spent by companies on marketing. Following are the benefits of marketing a company on social networks: Expansion of Brand Awareness: Using a social network marketing policy can increase the business visibility in the market. The social networks assist companies in engaging with a wide-ranging audience. It is easy for an organisation to market their products in various countries. Increase in Inbound Traffic: If a company did not imply a social media strategy, the inbound traffic is restricted to its usual consumers. The organisation can in increase its audience by marketing their products online. Improved Customer Satisfaction: Social networks provide the customers a place for communication and interacting with the company. Customers can directly post their feedback or quarry on organisations website and the enterprises can get a better knowledge of their customers requirements. Cost-Effective: The companies can significantly reduce their cost of marketing by adopting social network strategy. Most of the social networks are free and many have comparatively lowered costs related to other marketing strategies. The research of Manthiou (2012) proved that various companies have used the social networks to their marketing advantages. The organisation, such as Pampers, Netflix, Old spice, Staples and many others, uses their social media posts to market their products online. These companies get involved in popular culture news and use them to market their product online. Wendys, a popular American fast food chain, uses the social media to post funny things which create a popular image of the brand in the customer's mind. Communication An organisation can increase the efficiency and security of communication, between employees, clients, and suppliers, by adopting a social network method for communication. The companies can implement both internal and external communication platforms. There are several advantages of using the social network for communication such as (Sarker, Ahuja, Sarker Kirkeby 2011): The employees can discuss ideas, post quarries and share news regarding their tasks. The social networks allow employees to easily collaborate on business projects. Social networks assist in faster decision-making between employees because it is easier for them to give feedback or ask a quarry. The companies can introduce self-help groups in employees to reduce their work stress and motivate them to share their problems. It helps the company in building a strong culture at the workplace. Social networks help in widen an organisations business contacts. The companies can increase their communication and networking with their suppliers or business partners. Implementing social network policy increases the reputation of an organisation. The enterprise can increase its connections and find new business opportunities for the organisation. Better communication with customers increases the brand loyalty of the company. Social networks assist in market research, implementing campaigns and straight communication with interested persons. The organisation can evaluate their place in the market and create future strategies by analysing their customers. There are several new applications that companies used to increase their workplace communication. The application such as Slack, Socialcast, and Yammer help increase the efficiency and security of internal communication. The communication softwares provides facilities such as team collaboration, easy file sharing and group chat to increase the productivity of employees (Lanubile, Ebert, Prikladnicki Vizcaino 2010). Increase in Sales The organisation can significantly enhance their market share by approaching to a newer audience. New customers can find a companys products by searching for similar things. The use of social networks gives a company truly global approach in the market. The customers in different countries can easily find and buy products of companies, this approach helps in enhancing sales of the organisation. With the increase in ecommerce websites, companies can easily import or export products from various countries. Traditionally, the organisation has local customers and to increase their sales they have to open new outlets, but with the help of social networks, one shop can sell its products worldwide (Stephen Galak 2012). The online shopping market is booming with giant players such as Amazon, Wal-Mart, and Alibaba. A research conducted by Robischon (2017) provided that Amazon is one of the largest electronic commerce or online shopping company in the world. The company had revenue of US$135.98 billion in 2016 and on a peak day the company sold more than 26 million items. The social networks provide customers the facility to order from their home and choose from a vast variety of items. Research Online platforms enhance communication between the company and its customers, helping them in creating better products according to customers requirements. The research of Bryman (2015) showed that the organisation can engage with their audience and improve their relationship by using social networks. The market research helps companies to know their worth in the market and the desires of consumers. The employees of an organisation can post their ideas and quarries online which assist the company in creating the better working environment. Drawbacks of Using Social Networks For the past decade, the social networks have grown rapidly in the daily activities of organisation and individuals. The companies use social networks for various purposes such as marketing, research, online sales, and communication. The social networks have numerous benefits but there are several drawbacks as well. The disadvantages of social networks include cyber crimes, hacking, security issues, false advertising and daily monitoring (Belbey 2015). The companies should analyse these drawbacks while adopting a social network strategy. Hacking Hacking is the process of obtaining unauthorised access to information in a computer or system. Many people hack the systems of large organisation in order to collect sensitive data for their advantages. The paper of Collins (2008) discusses that using social networks increases the chances of hacking in an organisation. The companies have to pay high amounts to get firewalls or security to avoid hacking, which are not benefitial for organisation. In past few years, many popular companies have become the victim of hacking such as Yahoo, Ashley Madison, Sony, HBO, Home Depot, JP Morgan, eBay and many other companies. Ashley Madison suffered huge losses due to the hacking of their user's profiles. The significant loss is suffered by HBO after leaking of their hit popular series episodes Game of Thrones on the internet. The hackers leak the sensitive data of the company and their users on the internet, such as passwords, bank information, and personal data (Groden 2015). Inside Risks The companies have to check their social media accounts many times in a day because dissatisfied consumers or workers can post deleterious comments that are not always removable. There is a risk of human error as well. The organisations have to invest addition costs for securing their data. According to Rosenblatt (2015), the inside risk on social networks is high because unlike hacking it is done by inside persons. The attack on Morgan Stanley was a good example of inside attack on the company. According to cyber security expert Lucas Zaichkowsky, there is a high probability of insider attacks happening and there is nothing that companies could do to stop such attacks. Clear Strategy The companies are required to create clear and strong social networks strategies. Not having a clear policy for marketing or social networks could decrease the benefits of an enterprise. The strategy should cover all the aspect of the business and must approach to a larger audience. The cost of hiring an outside expert for creating strategies could be significantly high. The social network strategy impacts the reputation of a company online and one mistake could reduce the status of the company. The giant players such as Coca-Cola have made a mistake in their social network strategy. The company tweets a photo of snow covered Russian map, omitting Kaliningrad. The Russian gets angry and poured the Coca-Cola soft drink in the toilets with Ban Coca-Cola hash tag. Seoul Secret, a beauty products enterprise, runs a campaign saying White makes you win, causing social media backlash on the company (Friedman 2016). Cost In order to secure their social media accounts, companies have to invest heavily on firewalls and security software. The cost of this software is high and the company has to keep them updated along with new updates. An average company spends around $15 million for security against cyber crime. According to Gartner, the worldwide spending on cube security reach around $90 billion in 2017 and it will estimate to be around $113 billion on 2020 (Muresan 2017). Time Waste The employees of the company could use their social networks to engage in their personal life instead of working in the office. The social networks are addicting, and they could reduce the productivity of employees. According to a survey by Mangus (2014), more than 89 percent employees admitted wasting their time by using social media at the workplace. Harassment The increase in the use of social media enhances the cyber bullying and harassment between the employees. Many workers have reported by claiming that they have been harassed or bullied on the social networks of their company by their colleagues. The harassment raises the concern such as depression, suicide, a decrease in companys reputation and unhealthy environment at the workplace (Van Laer 2014). Conclusion The above report concluded that in the modern time's companies have to use Social Networks in order to a competitor in the market. The social networks provide several benefits to the organisations, such as marketing, research, feedback, and increase in sales. But along with the advantages, there are numerous drawbacks as well. The companies put themselves at security risk by using social networks. The disadvantages of social networks include hacking, data leaks, cyber crimes, harassment, and bullying. The strategy of a company should be clear regarding the use of social networks and collective measures should be taken to save their data and clients from cyber-attacks. References Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), 3-13. Australian business and social media. (2016).Platform Communications. Retrieved from https://platformcommunications.com.au/australian-business-social-media-haves-nots/ Belbey, J. (2015). Protect your firm from the 12 risks of Social Media. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/joannabelbey/2015/05/21/protect-your-firm-from-the-13-risks-of-social-media/#66117ec6331e Benefits of social networking for a brand. (2013).Ironpaper. Retrieved from https://www.ironpaper.com/current/2013/05/benefits-of-social-networking-for-a-brand/#.WZVmzFUjHIU Brennan, R. (2014).Business-to-business Marketing(pp. 83-86). Springer New York. Bryman, A. (2015).Social research methods. Oxford university press. Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K. (2010). A theoretical model of intentional social action in online social networks.Decision support systems,49(1), 24-30. Collins, B. (2008). Privacy and Security issues in Social Networking. Fast Company. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/1030397/privacy-and-security-issues-social-networking Friedman, L. (2016). The 12 worst Social-Media fails of 2016. Entrepreneur India. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/272286#0 Groden, C. (2015). Heres whos been hacked in the past two years. Fortune. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2015/10/02/heres-whos-been-hacked-in-the-past-two-years/ Lanubile, F., Ebert, C., Prikladnicki, R., Vizcano, A. (2010). Collaboration tools for global software engineering.IEEE software,27(2). Mangus, Q. (2014). How Much Time Do Employees Spend On Social Media. Micro Focus. Retrieved from https://blog.microfocus.com/how-much-time-do-employees-spend-on-social-media/# Manthiou, A. (2012).Reason and reaction: The dual route of decision making process on social media usage: The case of hospitality brand fan pages. Iowa State University. Muresan, R. (2017).Cyber security spending to reach $90 billion in 2017, Gartner says.Businessinsights. Retrieved from https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/cyber-security-spending-2017 Paquette, H. (2013). Social Media as a Marketing Tool: A Literature Review. [PDF file]. Digital Commons. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001context=tmd_major_papers Passeri, P., Passeri, P. (2014).Biggest Data Breaches : Privacy Risks Advisors.Privacyrisksadvisors. Retrieved from https://www.privacyrisksadvisors.com/data-breach-toolkit/worlds-biggest-data-breaches/ Robischon, N. (2017). Why Amazon is the worlds most innovative company of 2017. Fast Company. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3067455/why-amazon-is-the-worlds-most-innovative-company-of-2017 Rosenblatt, S. (2015). The biggest cyberthreat to companies could come from the inside. CNET. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/the-biggest-cyber-threat-to-companies-could-come-from-the-inside/ Sarker, S., Ahuja, M., Sarker, S., Kirkeby, S. (2011). The role of communication and trust in global virtual teams: A social network perspective.Journal of Management Information Systems,28(1), 273-310. Stephen, A. T., Galak, J. (2012). The effects of traditional and social earned media on sales: A study of a microlending marketplace.Journal of Marketing Research,49(5), 624-639. Van Laer, T. (2014). The means to justify the end: Combating cyber harassment in social media.Journal of Business Ethics,123(1), 85-98. Wells, N., Fahey, M. (2016).How Yahoo's 1 billion account breach stacks up with the biggest hacks ever.CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/15/how-yahoos-1-billion-account-breach-stacks-up-with-biggest-hacks-ever.html Woodcock, N., Green, A., Starkey, M. (2011). Social CRM as a business strategy.Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management,18(1), 50-64.